Unit 1 and unit 2 Summary

Translation concepts and techniques:

We were speaking about the diferent strategies for making a good translation. There are 8 translation techniques.
- Borrowing, taking words straight into another language
- Calque, literal translation at phrase level
- Literal Translation
- Transposition, frequently used between English and Spanish
- Modulation, using a phrase that is diferent in the source and target languages to express the same idea.
- Reformulation, to express something in a diferent way.
- Adaptation, it seems 'reformulation' but the target language used isn't familiar or appropriate to the target languages culture.
- Compesation, the meaning that is lost in the inmediate translation is expressed somewhere else in the Translation Techniques.

Terminology:

Is a polysemous that can be refer to a collection, an activity or an theory.
Two perspectives:
Concept-oriented perspective, a group of concepts of a specialized area and their associated signs.
Term-oriented, the items which are characterized by special reference within a discipline, are the terms of that discipline, and the collectively they form its 'terminology'.


Terminology plays an important role in many different fields such as standardization, translation, technical documentation, and software localization.
There are three basics concepts in terminology:
- Object: Any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
- Concept: A unit of thought constituted throught abstraction on the basis of properties common to a set objects.
- Term: Designation of a defined concept in a special language by a linguistic expression.


Term structure:

Terms can have different types of structures.

Simple terms: Terms consisting of only one stem with or without affixes.
Abbreviated terms: Abbreviations, initialisms and acronyms.
Complex terms: terms consisting of two or more stems with or without other term elements
Compound terms: Complex terms in which elements have a fixed position within the terms as a whole but are no linked by morphological devices.

The choice between a single-word or a multiword term depends on languages conventions.

Homonymy and Polysemy:

Homonymy: identical terms representing different concepts have differents etymological origins
Polysemous: When a term gets several meaning